“If the Dutch lived in Ireland, they’d feed the world but if the Irish lived in Holland, they’d drown.”
This old joke came to mind when reading about Clontarf this week. Rather than address the fundamental problem of too many cars on the road at rush hour, Dublin City Council will seek to make the daily “traffic-jam experience” more bearable by lowering the sea wall to improve motorists’ view of Dublin Bay.
It is difficult to imagine the Dutch, a nation of serial land re-claimers, undertaking to increase the likelihood of flooding in a flood-prone, agricultural basin in northern Holland, let alone in one of the most densely populated urban districts of a capital city.
The Dutch have been waging a war with the sea for millennia. At first, the Romans found the behaviour of the locals in the lowlands perplexing as they battled with constant flooding on their isolated polders. The ancient Hollanders proved themselves industrious and ingenious in their dogged insistence on settling such an inhospitable flood plain.
Over the years, not only did the Dutch master the elements, they also mastered commerce. While the Spanish plundered and spent, the Dutch invested and saved, becoming the traders of Europe. They built the most commercially successful economy in the world.
By the 17th century, Amsterdam was Europe’s mercantile capital. Its stock exchange dwarfed all others and its companies were globally pre-eminent. The Dutch, from their sodden unprepossessing polders, became the princes of globalisation, with the most impressive navy, the most sophisticated trading networks, and the most ruthless dealmakers.
To give you a sense of how commercially dominant Holland was, consider that in 1637 the Dutch East India Company was valued (in today’s money, adjusted for inflation) at $7.9 trillion. This commercial behemoth was bigger than the world’s top 20 companies today, including Apple, Google, Facebook, Samsung, Walmart and Microsoft.
Holland remained an extremely wealthy country throughout the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, tolerant of dissenters and always open to commercial opportunity.
In business, the Dutch have a reputation for being both meticulous in their attention to detail and global in their strategic planning. An example of this productivity is seen today in agriculture. The Netherlands is the world’s second largest agricultural exporter – second only to the US. Though its land mass is smaller than Munster, it exports $70 billion (€58 billion) worth of food per year.
Given this impeccable commercial CV, it is surprising that one of the most severe economic afflictions that can befall a small economy is known as “Dutch disease”. This refers to the phenomenon whereby an apparent windfall – like an oil or gas find – can make a country poorer and less stable.
In the 1950s, the Netherlands discovered large gas reserves in the North Sea. For a small energy-dependent country, this was seen as a Godsend. By the 1960s, these gas fields were operating at full tilt, revenue was flowing in and economists expected a national windfall. However, something unexpected happened.
Rather than boosting the Netherlands’ economic performance, the gas fields did the opposite, because the entire economy pivoted towards gas. Investment gushed into the gas industry, away from the rest of the economy. Too much money sluiced towards the gas bonanza; too little to the rest of the country.
Workers also moved out of other industries hoping to find work in the better-paid gas industry. Rents started to rise and, as the gas industry wages were higher, they dragged up the national wages in all other industries.
Uncompetitive
The rest of the Dutch economy started to become uncompetitive. The government too, beguiled by easy gas money, favoured infrastructure directed towards the gas industry. Taxes from gas began to eclipse others, making the country dangerously reliant on gas.
But no one could talk about anything else. The newspapers became cheerleaders for the marvels of the gas industry. Prices, rents, and wages driven by the gas boom kept rising, choking off the international competitiveness of the general economy.
Like Ireland today, it was a trading economy. The Dutch then, like the Irish now, needed to remain competitive on world markets. But they started to be priced out of global markets as a result of the surging price levels at home.
By the 1970s, the Dutch economy was going backwards.
This is what can happen when an economy contracts Dutch disease: the economic equivalent of too many eggs in one basket.
Why is this relevant to Ireland right now?
It is important for Ireland because Dutch disease doesn’t necessarily stem from a resource find, like oil or gas, but can be triggered by any new industry that locates in a country and skews the focus of the economy towards it.
Should we regard the multinationals and in particular the tech multinationals through the prism of Dutch disease? Could we be in danger of becoming too dependent on them, particularly as their capital is mobile, their tenure by definition temporary, and their impact on local taxes, rents, wages and general prices is unambiguous?
In recent years, the tech companies’ presence in Ireland has soared. Silicon Valley is buoyed up by cheap money and, while some companies’ technologies will change the world, many others are nothing more than leveraged get-rich-quick schemes funded by venture capitalists looking to make a twist.
Many companies’ implied riches are nothing but “hope-valuations” right now. The problem for Ireland, as host to some of these highly valued but yet-to-be- profitable companies, is no one knows which ones will survive and thrive and which will crash and burn.
Don’t get me wrong. Ireland is experiencing the problems of success. It is far better to have them here than not. Without American capital, Ireland would be an economic backwater – a sort of Croatia with bad weather.
These companies have plugged our economy into the global supply chain, led to enormous technology transfers into the country and employed hundreds of thousands. There is no going back, nor should there be.
However, the key now is to secure their presence while insulating the rest of the economy from a debilitating Irish form of Dutch disease, where the tech companies’ interests would supersede all others, sucking in resources, driving up rents and prices, and starving local start-ups.
When things are going well it is easy to be blasé, but we should be vigilant and strategic about the years ahead. If the canny Dutch can fall foul of their disease, anyone can.
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Before we throw the baby out with the bathwater (In fairness not being proposed by David) we have to examine the alternatives.
Or perhaps that should be create the alternatives.
Yadda yadda yadda, ‘TECH IS THE FUTURE’- NOT!!! Where Ireland’s future is is in tourism, I’m meeting people every day who are here for short/longer breaks and spending on food/ entertainment /accomodation . The government may have a different ill informed view (witness all the abandoned factories that were ‘the future’ . No, for me tourism / English language / business schools are the future.
Very good essay ; However, David neglects to point out that Holland, as it was before it became the Netherlands, only started to blossom when someone had the bright idea to put sheep into the reclaimed land. With that, the Dutch were able to organise themselves spectacularly in the wool production ; Which swiftly facilitated them to organise spectacularly in garment, & blanket, manufacturing. Now Europe finally had the chance to buy good quality garments & blankets at agreeable prices when otherwise they had to suffer improvised coverings. Another major pivotal development was the Dutch invention of preserved fish ;… Read more »
“If the Dutch lived in Ireland, they’d feed the world but if the Irish lived in Holland, they’d drown.”
If my aunt had a mickey, she’d be my uncle. Unlike the French and Spanish, the Dutch did squat for Ireland. All they did was send over a meddlesome prince to start religious wars.
So perhaps the Dutch should be saying, “If we minded our own business…”
Very constructive and on point guys.
Keep it going.
Very interesting too and good to get different angles.
For me personally Robotics and Genetic engineering can’t be ignored plus all the support industries.
This is a 2002 essay, things are worse. I remember a trip to Killibegs 6 years ago and saw wonderful fishing boats in the harbour. They put to sea less than a month a year. qotas restrictions ruled. Meanwhile Spanish ships were reported us unloading huge amounts of fish from boats directly on to freezer trucks that took the fish to markets. The fish never even touched Irish soil. http://www.killybegs.ie/donegal-tourism/killybegs-heritage-trail/ Now it is tourism rather than a fishing industry. All talk and no action. The current temperature is 2C. Just the ticket to encourage visitors. Ireland needs to reclaim its… Read more »
An uplifting message to the people of the US and to the people of the world from Donald J trump the President of the United States.
http://www.oom2.com/t52406-a-message-from-the-donald#118771
Does Ireland have a plan B ? Well apart from Tech, there is the IFSC, and Pharma. We are now running a scattergun economic system, trying everything all over the place. The one thing that we are not trying to do is restrain an excessively leveraged, overextended institutional state. A state that has simply lost the run of itself. That is the biggest source of weakness in the Irish economy. Ahern and Cowen expanded the state footprint. It is the source of waste, largesse and chronic inefficiency. The result is that sea wall that David described. Rather than fix a… Read more »
Ireland is not suffering from Dutch disease.
Ireland is suffering from French disease. A set of unworkable delusions about a massive overbearing expensive institutional state that simply does not comprehend or admit to it’s own incompetence.
And the sooner we have an honest conversation about this the better.
Unfortunately, the public policy makers are far too heavily influenced by institutional statists who have no desire to have that honest dicsussion.
The result of an inability to have this discussion will be a almight disaster, in many fronts.
SNB makes huge profits by increasing debt 10 fold.
http://www.thedailybell.com/news-analysis/this-funds-investment-performance-rivals-bitcoin-puts-warren-buffett-to-shame/
The Irish min wage is $ 11.75 an hr,75% above the American level.Yet it won’t even cover living expenses for a single person in Dublin.????Mncs drove rents in Dublin to increase by a multiple of seven over the past 20 yrs.Low wage employment is the preserve of those who avail of free housing from family.????
The Dutch are physically lazy ; So, they are not actually industrious in the normal understanding of the term. But, they are not lazy in other ways. They are not lazy to use their cunning. They are not lazy to use their experience. They are not lazy to use their intellect. They are not lazy to learn languages. And, they are tenacious ; At least, that is how they appear to be in my estimation based on observing them in competitive sport vis. Cycling Soccer By the way, the Dutch are known as “the reserved Germans”. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Dutch industry &… Read more »
Trudeau foundation grows its income 10 fold in 2 years immediately after Justin is nominated as Liberal Leader. Its a mini Clinton lookalike?
https://www.facebook.com/PressForTruth/videos/1589410731069039/
Ref.
The “so-called Dutch” conquest of Britain
Dutch East India Company
British East India Company
Bank of England
Leibniz
&
the whole shebang
THIS PDF VERSION HAS SOME SPELLING MISTAKES
BUT, IT IS A VERY VALUABLE PIECE OF SCHOLARLY WORK
https://archive.org/stream/EustaceMullinsTheWorldOrderOurSecretRulers2ndEdition1992/Eustace%20Mullins%20-%20The%20World%20Order%2C%20Our%20Secret%20Rulers%2C%202nd%20edition%2C%201992_djvu.txt
In the following link you will see that if the wealth gets concentrated in fewer hands the dutch disease problem gets a lot worse. For example; if the late Peter Sutherland’s ideas of flooding Europe with cheap labour allowing even more profits to be accumulated by his cronnies in conjunction with your writings about all the returns going to capital, your recent writing about inflation being taken out of the system by shafting the workers as they start off after a crash worse off than before it means Dutch Disease will continue to get worse won’t it? https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/11/how-to-avoid-the-dutch-disease/ The dutch… Read more »
The Irish media seem obsessed with coverage of the various investgations in prgess in Washington. But it remains a very one-sided obsession. The parts involving the Clintons are never presented as being problematic. In fairness to the Yanks they are investigating their politicians. Meanwhile, Bertie Ahern’s lame excuse for the Manchester digout did not impede him. The Moriarty Tribunal is sitting on the shelf gather dust. Frances ISIS Fitzgerald sat on it, and might well run for the Aras (with the full support of the media oligarchy). And then there are the many scandals involving AGS, which are resulting in… Read more »
Re-issuing of my post on aul Suds that featured in discussion to immediately previous article ; Re-issued because it has some gems of info. so as to better understand the Crimes & who “exactly” are the Criminals. AND, WHAT MAKES YEE SO SURE THAT SUDS WAS REALLY IRISH & REALLY CATHOLIC ? DO NOT BE DECEIVED BY WHERE HE WENT TO SCHOOL, & CHURCH ATTENDANCE, ETC., & PUBLIC DECLARATIONS BY HIM, & HIS REMOVAL & FUNERAL RITES TOO. MANY HAVE BEEN RESEARCHING INTO SUDS FOR QUITE A WHILE. SUD’S ACTIONS ARE NOT IRISH & NOT CATHOLIC. TRUTHIST NOTES AS NEWS… Read more »
SELLING US DOWN THE DRAIN
-> AT LEAST THEIR PENSIONS WILL BE SAFE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKbP-TMZ0eE
“”For Trump, an irrational immigration system is a problem. For the Democrats and the media, it is a solution. That is one of the principal reasons why Trump won. He understood the power of rudimentary nationalism against a failed and phony ruling class that denies the existence of problems and forbids anyone from speaking seriously about them, much less solving them.””
https://spectator.org/government-by-sanctimony-and-smears/?utm_source=American+Spectator+Emails&utm_campaign=48042ed742-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_01_17&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_797a38d487-48042ed742-104365713
When Scotland tried to emulate :
the Dutch ; Dutch East India Company [ VOC ]
the City [ located in London ] ; British East India Company
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darien_scheme
One of the matters never off our consciousness when dealing with any topic on this blog ;
Thus, a On-consciousness Off-topic Matter ;
In this instance, I refer to the matter of Construction of Living Space
Here is a useful link ;
https://www.constructionspecifier.com/
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And, I bring to yer attention a rather nasty new problem that yee will be hearing a lot about ;
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/advice/11411880/Could-the-cavity-wall-insulation-scandal-rival-PPI.htmlhe
I cannot imagine Tintin O’Fool of “The Anti-Irish Times CUM Anti-Polish Times” producing a good piece of helpful investigative journalism as the above article is.
Reset Rule of Law – Dr. Dave Janda By Greg Hunter On January 17, 2018 In Political Analysis By Greg Hunter’s USAWatchdog.com Dr. Dave Janda is a radio host and a patriot who is a Washington outsider with insider contacts. Janda says a new Inspector General’s report will be the beginning of the reset of the rule of law. Janda explains, “Comey, Lynch and Clinton are now in the crosshairs, and I believe that’s accurate. Many people believe that the Inspector General’s report was not going to happen and was not going to be turned in. 1.2 million pages were… Read more »
Online Gold Coin Sales Jumped 400% as Bitcoin Plunged By Eddie Van Der Walt January 17, 2018, 7:01 AM EST Company sold about 30kg of gold Tuesday, worth more than $1m Bitcoin grazes $10,000 on Wednesday for first time since Dec. Gold coin sales jumped fivefold on Tuesday at one of Europe’s largest online dealers as Bitcoin suffered its biggest selloff since December. The company sold almost 30 kilograms, worth $1.2 million in the spot market, director Daniel Marburger said. Bitcoin dropped 23 percent on Tuesday and slid to within $8 of the $10,000 level today. About $300 billion was… Read more »
More on Irish State’s chronic copying the French disease ; To build an “underground rail transport system” instead of an “on-stilts rail transport system” for Dublin is a most stupid — & CORRUPT — thing to do. Have a look at how the hard drug problem of Paris is impacting on their underground rail transport system ; . . https://voiceofeurope.com/2018/01/paris-metro-stations-turning-no-go-zones-metro-drivers-dont-stop-certain-stations/#.Wl6PtxdZTP4.gmail . . And, Dublin’s present, & escalating, hard-drug crisis with associated violent behavior is much worse than Paris’s. . ………………………………………………………….. . This is the way to go for helping to solve in a major way Dublin’s transport problems ; .… Read more »
A PICTURE CAN TELL A 1,000 WORDS
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Every one of yee live this disgusting life !
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PLEASE DO NOT OPEN THIS LINK IF U ARE OF SENSITIVE TYPE
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https://secure.anedot.com/project-veritas/cc8945afd0939ba19f954 One of our investigators sat down with Conrado Miranda, a former software engineer for Twitter, and asked him one question: does Twitter help foreign governments chill free speech? His answer? “We do that a lot for China.” Twitter portrays itself as a protector of free speech. But, as Project Veritas has proven time and time again, Twitter is actively suppressing and silencing dissent — whether that’s conservatives in the United States, or opposition voices in foreign governments. Watch the latest chapter in Project Veritas’s investigation of Twitter right away. You’ll be stunned to see what they think they can… Read more »
If Apple moves back to US will it save Ireland from Dutch disease?
https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/17/16901936/apple-tax-bill-foreign-money-united-states
“”Apple says it will pay a $38 billion tax bill to move foreign money back to the US””
https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/17/16902812/apple-2500-bonus-restricted-stock-units-tax-code-employees
This is the real disease. Dutch disease is like having the flu.
Debt is the cancer and the interest payments are the cancerous growths , unnoticed at first, that choke off the life forces of the economy and the lifestyle of the people.
http://www.bizpacreview.com/2018/01/18/sarah-sanders-announces-historic-moment-unborn-rights-potus-will-first-sitting-president-590028?utm_source=Newsletter&utm_medium=BPR%20Email&utm_campaign=DMS
They’ve just euthanised a 38-year-old woman in Belgium because she was unhappy after a romance. They kill by euthanasia 6 woman a d a y (on average) in Belgium.
Trump has disappointed by doing the opposite of what he said he would Re; Syria.
But, he has been good about some of his domestic promises.
Still, one must watch him like a hawk ;
Because, he is at risk of Izzy Disease.
Here are some reflections from those doing so :
http://aanirfan.blogspot.com/2018/01/trump-script.html
https://twitter.com/FitzInfo/status/953738183468093445
For everyone who thinks that David McWilliams’ blog is now boring or pessimistic, this is part of a discussion on another channel: “Sam Nebel-Crosson: As an American, trying to understand their Scottish accents is so difficult Laura Copland: that’s fucking horrible now whenever I go abroad I’m probably going to be worried about what people think of my accent because i deal really badly with judgement so thanks a lot you lil cunt? Dante: This comment is not needed? Reply 1 Emilemon: You’re right? Reply 2 Jaden Lemus: this reply isn’t needed? Reply 15 Nathalie: why did i feel the… Read more »
This is on David’s Twitter a/c ; . . David McWilliams Retweeted Roisin Ingle ?Verified account @roisiningle Going for dinner with my daughters later in Milano. I’ll tell them they can have whatever they want because we’re celebrating a huge step forward for women & girls in Ireland. Appreciate your honesty & courage @MichealMartinTD #repealthe8th https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/oireachtas/miche%C3%A1l-martin-says-he-favours-repeal-of-eighth-amendment-1.3360377#.WmDWyTkgLmY.twitter … @IrishTimes ///////////////////////////////////////////////// Who be Ms. Roisin Ingle ? Why, she is Deputy Features’ Editor of “The Anti-Irish Times CUM The Anti-Polish Times”. ………………………………………………… Who be Me-hole Martin ? Why, he be the leader of Fianna fail again, & person whom Mshd-MI6 & Mshd-EU… Read more »
http://www.bizpacreview.com/2018/01/09/fusion-gps-founders-senate-judiciary-testimony-released-get-ready-firestorm-586435?utm_source=Newsletter&utm_medium=BPR%20Email&utm_campaign=DMS
http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/01/18/house-intelligence-committee-votes-to-release-transcript-interview-with-fusion-gps-boss.html
Disclosures show detailed collusion by the DoJ and the RBI members to set up Trup. They and the Democrats and the left wing press (MSM) tried to fix the election, they tried to invalidate the election results, they try to get information to impeach, they are obsessed with all things Trump.
They will now be headed for the chopping block!!
THE WORLD LEADER WHO INSISTED THAT IRISH NATION PAY THE BONDHOLDERS
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JFK’s roots are Irish.
Charles de Gaulle’s roots are Irish
Margaret Thatcher’s roots are Irish
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Angela Merkel’s roots are … NOT GERMAN
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https://twitter.com/N0n_C0nformist/status/953865354987606016
Percentage of Young Adults In Europe, aged 25-34, Who Still Live With Their Parents
https://twitter.com/historylvrsclub/status/953985057982681088
Sedition against USA by California Admin. !
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HEADING ;
California AG:
Employers who Cooperate With Federal Immigration Raids Will be Prosecuted
SUB-HEADING ;
“We will prosecute those who violate [California] law,”
Becerra responded.
By NTK Staff
01.18.2018
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https://ntknetwork.com/california-ag-employers-who-cooperate-with-federal-immigration-raids-will-be-prosecuted/
New website design coming up guys. Should be better than this one.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxVkouHglGY
https://michaelsavage.com/2018/01/16/the-british-nanny-state-appoints-a-minister-of-loneliness/
Worse than Watergate??
http://www.bizpacreview.com/2018/01/19/watergate-2-590388
Fisor investigation boomerangs from Trump to Demeocrats. Heads will roll.
http://www.bizpacreview.com/2018/01/19/donald-trump-jr-fabulous-suggestion-republicans-dont-release-memo-590530
@David McWilliams ONE THING THE DUTCH WIN HANDS DOWN => SLAUGHTERING THE WEAK! . . HAVE YOU BEEN FOLLOWING THE NEWS? -> THE BLOODTHIRSTY SATANISTS ARE RAMPING UP THEIR CAMPAIGN => THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST UNBORN GIRLS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS . . -> THE STATE IS PUSHING TO MURDER MORE OF THESE GIRLS => WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY TURNING A BLIND EYE => TO THOSE THAT CONSPIRE TO MURDER THESE LITTLE GIRLS -> TAKEN FROM THE STATE TO BE SLAUGHTERE ABROAD -> EASILY DETECTABLE BUT THESE MURDERERS CAN RETURN => UNPUNISHED FOR MURDER ABROAD . . LITTLE GIRLS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS IGNORED . . .… Read more »
David McWilliams ?Verified account @davidmcw David McWilliams Retweeted Micheál Martin Spot on! David McWilliams added, Micheál Martin Verified account @MichealMartinTD I’m conscious that not everyone will agree with the view that I have come to on the 8th Amendment ; But it is my honest view of what I think is the right thing to do. As a country, we owe it to each other to have a compassionate debate. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Yip, “Spot on !” there, David, that we as a nation must give guarantee on the loans of the Irish banks’ loans. Yip, “Spot on !” Yip, roll out… Read more »
USA Conservative Politician Paul Nehlen “Free Speech” Proposal for the Social Media Giants . . EXTRACT ; . INTRO ; In response to the overwhelmingly partisan censorship on major social media platforms against conservatives, I drafted a proposal to ensure American’s lawful speech would be protected by an exceptionally light-touch Federal statute. One would think that, after having called for something to be done for years, at least one major conservative media outlet would have contacted me to do a story on my proposal. You would be wrong (although The Gateway Pundit did publish the original media release, to its… Read more »
USA Conservative Politician Paul Nehlen “Free Speech” Proposal for the Social Media Giants . . PLEASE ALSO REFER TO ORIGINAL AVAILABLE FROM LINK BELOWTHAT TO OVERCOME CENSORSHIP HEREIN — Ironically, 8-) — U MUST SIMPLY DELETE THE SPACE BETWEEN THE 2 STRINGS BEFORE THEN CLICKING. . The Original has : . Hyperlinks within the article . very interesting comments by readers . . EXTRACT ; . CONTINUATION UNTIL END ; . And now for the Q&A on the proposal that VICE could have published: [Links added by VDARE.com] VICE: Can you define lawful speech? Lawful speech is speech that is… Read more »
“A bombshell memo will probably cause the end of the Mueller investigation into the Trump Administration and the so-called Russian collusion story. New evidence, in the form of a four page memo, shows the entire case against the President and his Administration is based on a phony dossier paid for by Hillary Clinton. The President called this Special Prosecutor investigation a “witch hunt” from the beginning, and it looks like he was correct—again.”
https://usawatchdog.com/mueller-investigation-now-doomed-fake-news-awards-and-economic-update
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North & South Korea to march under the ‘Korean Unification Flag’ displaying the silhouette of the Korean Peninsula and islands at the Seoul Winter Olympics:
They will form a joint Olympic team in the 2018 Winter Olympics
This is the 1st time the countries will compete together as 1.
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Note ;
Link below is Mshd-CNN
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http://www.cnn.com/2018/01/17/asia/north-south-korea-olympics-flag-intl/index.html
Ireland is at risk of HIV, & then AIDS in modern Ireland of “Not my T..” Because : Degenerate high risk of disease & physical injury sexual behavior is rampant all over Irish State Heroin-injecting is rife all over Irish State ……………………………… But, fear not for the tourism economy ; Because, we just as much daring & skilled as this lot in telling lies & doing pleasing PR ; . . EXTRACT ; . UK Independent: . . ‘Jerusalem’s new British-born deputy mayor: Israel is no apartheid state – it just has an issue with bad PR . Exclusive interview:… Read more »
For “Putin Watcher” Grzegorz,
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Fitzpatrick Informer is keenly investigating the Putin Legend
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https://twitter.com/FitzInfo/status/954144949561430016
Again, for Grzegorz ;
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David’s lastest article in “TAIT-CUM-TAPT” features Poland
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HEADING ;
Ireland needs a new friend in Europe.
But who?
France and Germany, or Austria and Poland ?
It’s a major national decision